Tsuruga Castle, also referred to as Aizu Wakamatsu Castle, dates back to 1384. It has stood the test of time, witnessing countless battles, reconstructions, and restorations. Its unique features, such as the red roof tiles restored in 2011, set it apart from other Japanese castles and add to its visual allure.
History of Tsuruga Castle
Early Beginnings
Tsuruga Castle, originally known as Kurokawa Castle, was founded by the feudal lord Ashina Naomori in 1384. This early fortress served as a strategic stronghold in the Aizu region, laying the groundwork for what would become a significant symbol of power and resilience in Japanese history.
Key Historical Events
Siege by Date Masamune (1589)
In 1589, the castle faced one of its most dramatic early challenges when Date Masamune, a powerful and ambitious warlord, launched a siege against it. Despite the fierce battle, Masamune successfully captured the castle, demonstrating its strategic importance in the region.
Reconstruction by Gamo Ujisato (1592)
Following the siege, control of the castle shifted to Gamo Ujisato in 1590. Recognizing the need for a more formidable structure, Ujisato began extensive renovations in 1592. He transformed the castle into a modern fortress with a seven-story keep, marking the beginning of its evolution into Tsuruga Castle. The name change from Kurokawa to Tsuruga symbolized a new era for the fortress.
Earthquake and Reconstruction (1611)
In 1611, a massive earthquake struck the Aizu region, causing significant damage to Tsuruga Castle. The castle’s keep was severely affected, necessitating a large-scale reconstruction effort. Under the guidance of Yoshiaki Kato, the castle was rebuilt with a five-story keep, which remains its defining architectural feature today.
Role in the Boshin War
Battle of Aizu (1868)
The Boshin War of 1868 was a pivotal conflict that marked the end of the Tokugawa shogunate and the dawn of the Meiji era. Tsuruga Castle played a crucial role in this conflict, serving as a stronghold for the samurai loyal to the Tokugawa regime. The Battle of Aizu saw the castle besieged by the newly formed imperial army. Despite its robust defenses and the fierce determination of its defenders, the castle ultimately fell after a month-long siege.
The fall of Tsuruga Castle marked a significant turning point in Japanese history, symbolizing the end of the samurai era and the beginning of modern Japan. The battle and its aftermath left the castle in ruins, leading to its eventual demolition in 1874 by the Meiji government.
Modern Restoration and Significance
Despite its destruction, the legacy of Tsuruga Castle endured. In 1965, the castle was meticulously reconstructed using traditional methods, honoring its historical significance and architectural beauty. The restoration of the red roof tiles in 2011 further enhanced its unique appearance, making it a distinctive landmark in Japan.
Today, Tsuruga Castle stands as a testament to the resilience and cultural heritage of the Aizu region. Its storied past, from early conflicts to its role in the Boshin War, continues to captivate visitors, offering a profound glimpse into Japan’s feudal history.
Architectural Highlights
Unique Red Roof Tiles
One of the most striking features of Tsuruga Castle is its unique red roof tiles. These tiles are not just visually distinctive but also hold historical significance. Originally, the castle’s roof was covered with grey tiles, like many other Japanese castles. However, during the Edo period, the feudal lord Hoshina Masayuki decided to replace them with red tiles to withstand the harsh winters of Aizu.
In 2011, during a significant restoration project, the roof tiles were reverted to their historic red color. This restoration aimed to reflect the castle’s appearance during the late Edo period and maintain its unique identity among Japanese castles. The red tiles, combined with the white walls, give Tsuruga Castle its characteristic look, reminiscent of a crane (tsuru), which is also the inspiration behind its name.
Castle Layout and Design
Tsuruga Castle’s layout reflects its strategic importance and the need for robust defenses. The design of the castle evolved over centuries, adapting to changing military technologies and aesthetic preferences.
Five-Story Main Keep
The main keep of Tsuruga Castle is a five-story structure that stands prominently within the castle grounds. Originally built as a seven-story keep by Gamo Ujisato, it was later reconstructed into a five-story version following the earthquake in 1611. The keep’s design is both functional and symbolic, serving as a lookout point and a last line of defense.
Surrounding Moats and Defensive Structures
The castle is surrounded by a series of moats and defensive walls that played crucial roles in its defense. The moats, which once served to deter invaders, now add to the scenic beauty of the castle grounds. The high stone walls, combined with strategic gateways and watchtowers, created a formidable barrier against attackers.
The layout also includes multiple baileys (courtyards) and fortified gates, such as the Otemon (main gate) and Kurogane-mon (iron gate), which were designed to control access and provide strong points for defense. The arrangement of these features reflects the careful planning and architectural sophistication of Japan’s feudal era.
Additional Architectural Features
Tea House and Gardens
Within the castle grounds lies the Rinkaku Teahouse, a beautifully restored building where feudal lords once conducted tea ceremonies. Surrounded by a serene garden, the teahouse offers visitors a glimpse into the cultural practices of the samurai era. The tranquil setting provides a stark contrast to the castle’s defensive architecture, highlighting the dual nature of these historic sites as places of both warfare and culture.
Panoramic Views
From the top floor of the main keep, visitors can enjoy panoramic views of the surrounding city of Aizu-Wakamatsu and the Aizu Basin. On clear days, the sight extends to the distant mountains, including the iconic Mount Bandai. This vantage point not only offered strategic advantages in the past but now provides a breathtaking perspective on the landscape that has shaped the castle’s history.
Tsuruga Castle’s architectural highlights make it a fascinating destination for anyone interested in Japanese history, engineering, and culture. The combination of unique red roof tiles, advanced stone wall techniques, and thoughtful layout design ensures that Tsuruga Castle remains a captivating symbol of Japan’s feudal past.
Exploring Tsuruga Castle Today
Tsuruga Castle Museum
The Tsuruga Castle Museum, housed within the main keep, offers a fascinating journey through the castle’s history and the lifestyle of the samurai who once lived there. The museum features a variety of exhibits, including:
- Samurai Armor and Weapons: Authentic samurai armor, swords, and other weaponry provide insight into the martial culture of the period.
- Historical Artifacts: Displays of everyday items used by the castle’s inhabitants, including pottery, tools, and clothing, offer a glimpse into daily life during the Edo period.
- Interactive Displays: Modern technology brings history to life with interactive exhibits and VR experiences, allowing visitors to experience historical events and daily life in the castle.
- Panoramic Views: The top floor of the keep offers a panoramic view of Aizu-Wakamatsu, including the Aizu Basin and Mount Bandai. This vantage point allows visitors to appreciate the strategic importance of the castle’s location.
Rinkaku Teahouse
Nestled within the serene surroundings of Tsuruga Castle Park, the Rinkaku Teahouse is a beautifully restored building where feudal lords once practiced the traditional Japanese tea ceremony. The teahouse offers visitors a unique opportunity to experience this cultural ritual in an authentic setting.
- Historical Significance: Built by the son-in-law of the famed tea master Sen no Rikyu, the teahouse played a crucial role in the spread of the tea ceremony in Japan. It is now designated as an Important Cultural Property of Fukushima Prefecture.
- Tea Ceremony Experience: Visitors can enjoy freshly prepared matcha green tea and traditional Japanese sweets. The peaceful ambiance and historical context make this an unforgettable experience.
- Surrounding Garden: The teahouse is surrounded by a tranquil garden that enhances the serene atmosphere. The garden features traditional landscaping elements, such as stone lanterns, carefully pruned trees, and a koi pond, providing a perfect backdrop for relaxation and reflection.
Tsuruga Castle Park
The expansive Tsuruga Castle Park offers visitors a chance to explore the natural beauty and historical significance of the castle grounds. The park is meticulously maintained and features various attractions throughout the year.
Seasonal Beauty
- Cherry Blossoms (Spring): In mid-April, the park becomes a sea of pink as thousands of cherry blossom trees come into full bloom. This period is perfect for hanami (cherry blossom viewing) picnics and photography.
- Autumn Leaves (Fall): The park transforms into a canvas of red, orange, and yellow as the leaves change color. This season offers a picturesque setting for walks and contemplation.
- Winter Illuminations: During the Aizu Painted Candle Festival in winter, the park is illuminated with hundreds of hand-painted candles, creating a magical and serene atmosphere against the snow-covered landscape.
Walking Paths and Scenic Spots
- Scenic Walks: The park features numerous walking paths that wind through beautiful landscapes, offering views of the castle from various angles. Benches and rest areas are scattered throughout, providing places to relax and take in the scenery.
- Historical Landmarks: As you explore the park, you’ll encounter several historical landmarks, including stone walls, gates, and statues that tell the story of Tsuruga Castle’s past. Notable spots include the Otemon (main gate), the Kurogane-mon (iron gate), and various commemorative plaques and statues.
Picnic and Rest Areas
- Picnic Areas: The park has designated picnic areas where visitors can enjoy meals amidst the beautiful surroundings. These spots are ideal for families and groups looking to spend a leisurely day at the castle.
- Rest Facilities: Clean and accessible restrooms are available throughout the park, ensuring a comfortable visit for all guests. Additionally, vending machines and small kiosks offer refreshments and snacks.
Special Exhibits and Events
Throughout the year, Tsuruga Castle hosts various special exhibits and events that enhance the visitor experience. These include:
- Historical Exhibits: Periodically, the museum features special exhibits that delve deeper into specific aspects of the castle’s history, such as the Boshin War or the daily life of the samurai.
- Cultural Festivals: Events such as traditional dance performances, historical reenactments, and local craft fairs provide an immersive cultural experience. These festivals often coincide with seasonal changes, adding to the park’s festive atmosphere.
- Workshops and Classes: For those interested in learning more about Japanese culture, the castle offers workshops on topics such as tea ceremony, calligraphy, and traditional crafts. These hands-on experiences are both educational and enjoyable.
Exploring Tsuruga Castle today offers a rich and varied experience, combining historical education with natural beauty and cultural activities. Whether you’re delving into the past at the museum, enjoying a peaceful tea ceremony at Rinkaku Teahouse, or simply strolling through the scenic park, Tsuruga Castle provides a memorable visit that appeals to all senses.
Visitor Information
Hours and Admission
Opening Hours
Tsuruga Castle welcomes visitors year-round with convenient hours that allow ample time to explore its many attractions. The castle is open daily from 8:30 AM to 5:00 PM, with the last entry permitted at 4:30 PM. This schedule ensures that visitors can enjoy both the castle and the surrounding park in various lighting conditions, enhancing the overall experience.
Ticket Prices
Visiting Tsuruga Castle is an affordable and enriching experience. The admission fees are as follows:
- Castle Only: Adults (high school students and above) – 410 yen, Children (elementary and middle school students) – 150 yen
- Rinkaku Teahouse Only: Adults – 210 yen
- Combination Ticket (Castle and Teahouse): Adults – 520 yen
Additionally, for those interested in enjoying a traditional tea ceremony, there is an extra charge of 600 yen for green tea and a snack at the Rinkaku Teahouse.
Amenities and Services
On-Site Facilities
Tsuruga Castle is equipped with various amenities to enhance the visitor experience. These include clean and accessible restrooms, including facilities for wheelchair users. The castle grounds are designed to accommodate all visitors, ensuring a comfortable and enjoyable visit for everyone.
Souvenir Shops and Cafes
Within the castle grounds, visitors will find the Tsuruga Castle Museum Shop, which offers a range of souvenirs, local crafts, and snacks. This is the perfect place to purchase mementos of your visit, including traditional Aizu crafts and castle-themed items.
Additionally, the Tsuruga Castle Café provides a relaxing spot to take a break and enjoy some refreshments. The café offers a variety of seasonal local delicacies and premium soft-serve ice cream, making it a great place to unwind and reflect on the history and beauty of the castle.
Special Events and Activities
Seasonal Festivals
Tsuruga Castle is renowned for its vibrant seasonal festivals, which draw visitors from all over Japan and beyond. Key events include:
- Cherry Blossom Viewing (Hanami): Every spring, the castle grounds are adorned with thousands of cherry blossoms, creating a breathtaking spectacle.
- Aizu Painted Candle Festival: Held in winter, this festival features hundreds of hand-painted candles illuminating the snow-covered castle grounds, creating a magical atmosphere.
Guided Tours
For those interested in a deeper understanding of Tsuruga Castle’s history and significance, guided tours are available. These tours, conducted by knowledgeable guides, provide detailed insights into the castle’s past, its architectural features, and its role in Japanese history.
Video
Tsuruga Castle is among the attractions featured in this video about Aizu Wakamatsu. The segment starts at 00:50.
FAQ
What is the history behind Tsuruga Castle’s red roof?
Tsuruga Castle’s red roof is a distinctive feature that sets it apart from other Japanese castles. The original roof tiles were grey, but during the Edo period, the feudal lord Hoshina Masayuki decided to replace them with red tiles to better withstand the harsh winters of Aizu. These red tiles were restored in 2011 to reflect the castle’s appearance during the late Edo period, adding a unique touch to its architectural charm.
How can I get to Tsuruga Castle from Tokyo?
Getting to Tsuruga Castle from Tokyo is straightforward. Take the JR Tohoku Shinkansen to Koriyama Station, then transfer to the Ban’etsu West Line to Aizu-Wakamatsu Station. From Aizu-Wakamatsu Station, you can either walk, cycle, or take the Aizu Loop Bus to the “Tsurugajo Kitaguchi” stop, which is a five-minute walk from the castle.
What can I see at the Tsuruga Castle Museum?
The Tsuruga Castle Museum offers a wide range of exhibits that provide a deep dive into the castle’s history and the samurai lifestyle. Visitors can see artifacts such as swords, armor, and traditional clothing. Interactive displays and VR experiences bring the history to life, allowing visitors to engage with the past in a meaningful way. The museum also offers panoramic views of the city from the top floor.
Are there any guided tours available?
Yes, guided tours of Tsuruga Castle are available and highly recommended for those who want a deeper understanding of its history and significance. Knowledgeable guides provide detailed insights into the castle’s construction, its role in various historical events, and the lives of the samurai who lived there. Tours can be booked in advance, and some may be available in multiple languages.
When is the best time to visit Tsuruga Castle?
Tsuruga Castle is beautiful year-round, but the best times to visit are during the spring and autumn seasons. In spring, the castle grounds are adorned with thousands of cherry blossoms, creating a breathtaking sight perfect for hanami (cherry blossom viewing). In autumn, the foliage turns vibrant shades of red and orange, offering stunning views and photo opportunities. Additionally, winter visits during the Aizu Painted Candle Festival provide a magical experience with the castle illuminated by hand-painted candles.
Is Tsuruga Castle accessible for people with disabilities?
Yes, Tsuruga Castle is equipped with facilities to accommodate visitors with disabilities. There are accessible restrooms, wheelchair rental services, and designated parking spaces. The castle grounds are designed to be navigable for all visitors, ensuring a comfortable experience for everyone.
What other attractions are near Tsuruga Castle?
Nearby attractions include the Fukushima Prefectural Museum, which offers additional historical and cultural exhibits, and the city of Aizu-Wakamatsu itself, which is rich in history and culture. Visitors can explore other historical sites, enjoy local cuisine, and experience the warm hospitality of the local people.
How to Get to Tsuruga Castle
Access by Public Transportation
The closest stop to the castle is the “Tsurugajo Kitaguchi” stop on the Aizu Loop Bus, which is approximately 20 minutes from Aizu-Wakamatsu Station. From the bus stop, it is a pleasant five-minute walk to the castle grounds.
Parking Facilities
For those traveling by car, Tsuruga Castle offers several parking options:
- West Demaru Parking Lot: Capacity for 200 cars
- East Gate Parking Lot: Capacity for 129 cars
- South Gate Parking Lot: Capacity for 35 cars
All parking lots are paid, with fees structured as follows: the first hour costs 200 yen, and each additional hour is 100 yen. These lots provide convenient access to the castle, ensuring a smooth visit.
